<p>The R. W. Lindholm Service Station is a service station designed by Frank Lloyd Wright and located in Cloquet, Minnesota, United States. Built in 1958 and still in use, it is the only station built to a Wright design. It was originally part of Wright&#39;s utopian Broadacre City plan and is one of the few designs from that plan that was actually implemented. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Wright had designed station owner Ray Lindholm&#39;s house in 1952, and, knowing Lindholm worked in the oil business, presented him with a proposal to design the gas station envisioned as part of Broadacre City. Lindholm seized the opportunity to beautify gas station design, and Wright completed his design in 1956. The station ultimately cost $20,000, roughly four times the cost of the average filling station at the time.</p><br>
<p>The station opened in 1958 under Lindholm&#39;s name; it later became a Phillips 66 station.</p><br>
<p>Its construction was only a partial success for Wright, as his vision of the gas station as a social center never took hold. However, Phillips 66 incorporated several of the gas station&#39;s design elements, particularly the triangular cantilevered canopy, in later gas stations.</p><br>
<p>The station was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 11, 1985, for its architectural significance.</p><br>
<p>As of 2014, it operates under the Spur brand.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>In his original plans for Broadacre City, Wright designed his service stations to be community social centers and an integral part of his utopian ideas. His design of the Lindholm Service Station reflects these plans and represents a then-unconventional approach to filling station design. A cantilevered copper canopy extends over the gas pumps; the angular end of the canopy points to the St. Louis River, a feature Wright intended to symbolically connect river transport to the automobile. While Wright had planned to install overhead gas pumps suspended from the canopy to add space, local safety regulations compelled him to install conventional ground-based pumps. Beneath the canopy is an observation lounge with glass walls, originally intended to be the social center envisioned in the Broadacre City plans. The station&#39;s service bays are built from stepped cement blocks; the stepping, as well as the recessed mortar between rows of blocks, provides a horizontal element to the building. Skylights allow sunlight into the service bays.</p><br>
<p>Despite the importance of gas stations to the Broadacre City concept, the building was the only service station Wright designed.</p><br>
<p>The Kildare–McCormick House is a historic residence in Huntsville, Alabama. The highly ornate, Queen Anne-style mansion was built in 1886–87. Its early owners contributed to the development of Huntsville, both through industrial projects and philanthropic efforts. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built by industrialist Michael OShaugnessey, who had come to Huntsville from Nashville in 1881 with his brother to open a cottonseed oil factory. He also was a member of the North Alabama Improvement Company, which invested in infrastructure and industry and were the main backers of Dallas Mill. OShaugnessey built his mansion in 1886 on 71 acres (29 ha), naming it Kildare, after the county in Ireland where he was born.</p><br>
<p>OShaugnessey returned to Nashville in 1900, and sold the house to Cyrus McCormick, another industrial magnate who invented the mechanical reaper. McCormick used the house as a winter residence for his daughter, Virginia, and her caretaker Grace Walker. McCormick and Walker were heavily involved in philanthropic efforts in the city. McCormick funded several YMCAs in the mill villages surrounding town, an African-American wing for the then-segregated Huntsville Hospital, and a hospital at Alabama A&M University; Virginias relative, Robert R. McCormick also funded A&Ms Domestic Science Building. The house was used for many social events, including Christmas parties for children, Easter egg hunts, and a celebration for Virginias birthday in May. During McCormick&#39;s tenure, a conservatory was added to the side of the ballroom and a porch added to the rear of the house.</p><br>
<p>McCormick moved out of the house in 1931, and the family subdivided and sold the property the next year. Over the next 40 years, the house had no fewer than 10 owners who repurposed the house as a hotel, boarding house, health spa, antique shop, and brothel. After years of neglect, the house was purchased in 1975 by James Reeves, who restored the house over the next 20 years. The current owners purchased the house in 2007 with plans to construct a protective barrier around it, shielding the aging mansion from the depredations of those who live in the impoverished high-crime area that now surrounds the property. Often, they can be seen attacking or chasing bystanders down the street who happen to gaze upon the house.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Kildare–McCormick House is three stories, plus an English basement, and contains 40 rooms and 17,000 square feet (1580 sq. m.) of living space. The house has a central block with a southern wing with a rectangular ell on one corner and a cylindrical tower on the other, and a northwestern wing with an semicircular section. Designed in a highly decorated Queen Anne style, the exterior combines a variety of materials and colors.</p><br>
<p>The basement and first floor, as well as second floor on the southeast bay and tower, are covered in limestone block, the first floor more smooth than the basement. Red brick is used for quoins and window surrounds on the southeast bay, and for the third floor of the tower. The gable end of the southeast bay contains a small window and an intricate terra cotta relief. The upper floors are faced with tan river stones, divided into panels with green-painted wood. Windows on the first floor are mostly one-over-one sashes, some with sidelights and stained glass or leaded glass transoms. On the main block of the second floor, windows are one-over-one sashes with the upper pane surrounded by a row of small panes. Third floor windows have the entire upper sash composed of small panes. The irregular-shaped slate roof is punctuated by numerous gables and dormers, as well as four brick chimneys with recessed panels in each side and tapered tops. Wooden brackets project from the eaves. A flat roofed porch extends across the front of the house, the northern portion of which is supported by wooden posts and a short rail. The portion over the main entrance has a limestone wall on the south end with a terra cotta-framed arched opening with an ornamental hipped roof and finial. A pyramidal roofed porte-cochère with terra cotta ridges and a finial extends from the porch over the semicircular driveway.</p><br>
<p>The main entrance opens into a hall with a stairway, doors to two parlors to the right, the dining room at the rear, and the ballroom to the south. The ballroom contains the southeastern bay and tower, and opens into the conservatory, added in the early 20th century. A porch and breakfast room are behind the dining room. The northwestern wing contains the butler&#39;s pantry, stairs to the kitchen in the basement, a bathroom, and the library. The second floor contains a large hall and seven bedrooms. The third floor, which is reached by a separate flight of stairs from the second floor hall, contains four further bedrooms and a billiard room.</p><br>
<p>The Serra da Barbanza  is a mountain range in north-west Spain, extending in a south-westerly direction from Noia in Galicia.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The range forms the peninsula between the two rias of ría de Muros y Noya and ría de Arosa in the extreme west of Galicia. Due to the relatively large height of over 600 m with respect to the proximity to the two rias it forms an impressive mountain range though small in length.</p><br>
<p>Highest peaks in the range are Monte Iroite (685 m), Pico Murralla (658 m), Torre de Inxerto (654 m) and Monte Curota (618).</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>Common vegetation on the mountain range is genista and pines.</p><br>
<p>Wild horses are common. Other mammals include the Iberian wolf, fox and wild pig.</p><br>
<p>Huaypun (possibly from Quechua waypu a name applied for different species of Tinamidae, Nothoprocta pentlandii, Rhynchotus rufescens and Rhynchotus maculicollis,Juan Carlos Chebez, Alejandro Mouchard, Lucas Rodríguez, Ornitonimia popular y científica de las aves argentinas II.</p><br>
<p>(Tinamiformes, Sphenisciformes y Podicipediformes), in Nótulas Faunísticas, Segunda Serie, 65, 2011, see p. 5: Rhynchotus maculicollis Gray, 1867 (guaipo, huaipo, guaypo, waypo (QU)) -n a suffix) is a mountain in the Cusco Region in Peru, about 4,200 m high. It is situated in the Calca Province, San Salvador District, and in the Quispicanchi Province, Oropesa District. Huaypun lies on the western bank of the Vilcanota River, southeast of Pachatusan and southwest of Tauja.</p><br>
<p>The Stausee Solis  is a reservoir on the Albula river, located between Alvaschein, Stierva and Tiefencastel, in the canton of Graubünden. Its surface area is 17.75 hectare. Was built in 1986 by the Electric Power Company of Zurich . Until 2012 about 50% of the reservoir volume of 4.1 e6m3 got lost due to sediment aggregation. A dam of 61 m height and a crown length of 75 m holds back the water in the lake. The water in the reservoir is used for energy production further downstream, in the power plants Sils and Rothenbrunnen. This dam is used as daily storage.</p><br>
<p>Due to the low ration between lake volume and catchment area the sediment aggregation plays an important role. Around 100,000 m&sup3; of sediment settles down every year in the lake. In 2012 a sediment bypass tunell (SBT) was built, which operates only a few days every year, but provides sedimentation almost completely in the reservoir. But there are many investigations due to abrasion in the tunnel to make.</p><br>
<p>The dam is located just east of the Solis Viaduct of the Albula Railway.</p><br>
<p>Oakland Mill, also known as Oakland-Kendall Mill, is a historic textile mill complex located at Newberry, Newberry County, South Carolina. The original section was built between 1910 and 1912, with building expansion campaigns conducted in 1949-1950 and 1950-1951. The original section reflects Romanesque Revival style design influences. The complex includes the main mill building, a one-story brick office building, a two-story brick boiler house with a brick smokestack and auxiliary building, two masonry and concrete warehouses, two wood-frame auxiliary storage buildings, a railroad spur, two water towers, and a reservoir. The mill remained in operation until the 2000s.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>Newberry County Memorial Hospital is a historic hospital building located at Newberry, Newberry County, South Carolina. Newberry County Hospital was built in 1924–1925, and is a two-story, Colonial Revival style brick building. Upon opening, the hospitals capacity was 25 beds. It was dedicated on December 22, 1925. Additions were made to the original building about 1949. Also on there are the former Nurse’s Home , the Laundry/Boiler Plant  and storage buildings dating to the 1950s. On May 30, 1950, the hospitals name was changed to Newberry County Memorial Hospital to honor the men and women who served in World War II. In January 1952, the People&#39;s Hospital merged with NCMH. In 1963, the north wing was added, increasing the capacity to 72 beds. The hospital moved to a new facility at 2669 Kinard Street in May 1976 with a capacity of 102 beds.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The Vaught House  is a historic residence in Huntsville, Alabama. It was built in 1900 in what was then the East Huntsville Addition, a suburb made up primarily of company houses for nearby cotton mills. Its Victorian architecture style set it apart from its more modest bungalow neighbors. The house has an irregular plan, and its hipped roof features several dormers and gables. Centered on the façade is a single-story pedimented portico leading to the main entrance, and above it is a small pedimented balcony accessed from the upstairs bedroom. Both pediments are decorated with jigsawed designs. Both doors on the front feature rectangular transoms. A curved porch runs from the main portico around the southwest corner of the house; it originally featured Stick-Eastlake style frieze and balustrade, but was later replaced with a solid frieze and closely spaced rectangular balusters. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981. It is included in the Five Points Historic District, which was listed on the National Register in 2012.</p><br>
<p>The Carter Plantation is an historic plantation house located on Louisiana highway 1038, southwest of Springfield in what is now Livingston Parish, Louisiana, United States.</p><br>
<p>The property was purchased by Thomas Freeman in 1817, from James Rheem, who acquired it from a Spanish land grant in 1804. Freeman, a free person of color, was the first African American to own property in the Greensburg District (St. Helena Parish), the southern portion of which became Livingston Parish.</p><br>
<p>The home was completed in 1820, and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on February 23, 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>The land of the plantation was originally part of West Florida, which from 1763 to 1810 was under British and then Spanish control.</p><br>
<p>Livingston Parish was created February 10, 1832, when St. Helena Parish was divided. There is some controversy as to whether the Parish was named after Edward Livingston or Robert R. Livingston, although the name is generally attributed to Edward.</p><br>
<h2>Plantation history</h2><br>
<h3>Overview</h3><br>
<p>Thomas Freeman bought the land from Rheem and from 1817 to 1820, built the Federal style raised plantation house and lived there until 1838. State Representative of Livingston Parish, W. L. Breed, bought the house and lived there five years, until his 1843 death while serving as the first sheriff of Livingston Parish.</p><br>
<p>George Richardson bought the plantation and lived there until his death in 1858. His descendants with the surname Carter (hence the plantation&#39;s name) lived there after that.</p><br>
<h3>Historical summary</h3><br>
<p>"The Carter Plantation historically included around 2,000 acres. It has a unique</p><br>
<p>history which involves the ownership of the plantation by Thomas Freeman, the</p><br>
<p>first free man of color to own property in Livingston Parish. He and his enslaved laborers managed the land and planted crops. The ownership changed over the</p><br>
<p>years, but the property continued to operate as a plantation until the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>The plantation&#39;s cypress swamp was a major timber source for the surrounding</p><br>
<p>area. The timber harvesting was the plantation&#39;s main source of income and the</p><br>
<p>Blood River was the main source of transportation and access to the site.</p><br>
<p>Historically the river was used to transport the timber mainly south to New</p><br>
<p>Orleans. The journey by boat to New Orleans used to take 2-3 days. With the</p><br>
<p>arrival of the railroads, the river became less important for transport, and the</p><br>
<p>plantation began to slowly lose business.</p><br>
<p>There were two school houses on the site. One of the school houses was used to</p><br>
<p>educate the owner’s children and cousins, and the other was a separate school</p><br>
<p>house hidden in the woods for the slave children to secretly learn. The main land</p><br>
<p>entry to the site was via the road that approached from the east. Crops grown on</p><br>
<p>the site included many common southern fruits and vegetables including mainly</p><br>
<p>corn; however the typical southern cotton crop was never grown on the site."</p><br>
<p>In March 1865, late in the Civil War, the plantation hosted a small Confederate naval squadron which launched a successful expedition against a Union Navy-protected contraband operation on the lower Amite River. The leader of the Mobile-based force, Lt. Edward J. McDermott, and a local man who served as a guide, Louis Bernard, were killed in the battle and their bodies brought back for burial at the Springfield Cemetery.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>The Carter Plantation house is currently the real estate center for "The Villas and the Carter Plantation Golf Resort".</p><br>
<p>There is a large cemetery on the property.</p><br>
<p>The Steger–Nance House  is a historic residence in Maysville, Alabama. It was built in 1854 by physician Francis Epps Harris Steger. Later owners included another physician, Issac William Howard, and local cotton gin owner and farmer Harry F. Nance. The house is built in a Federal style of brick laid in common bond. The house originally had a central hall flanked by a drawing room and parlor, with a dining room behind the parlor in an ell. A kitchen, bathroom, center hall, sitting room, and patio were added to the rear of the house in 1950. The house has three chimneys in each of the gable ends. Windows on the façade are nine-over-nine sashes flanked by narrow three-over-three sashes. A shed roofed porch stretches across the front, supported by six pairs of square columns on brick pillars. A narrow balcony, accessed from the upstairs hall, is centered above the front door. The house was listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage in 1981 and the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The South Oakdale Historic District comprises a primarily residential area along South Oakdale Avenue in Medford, Oregon, United States. Development of this well-preserved residential neighborhood began in 1890, soon after Medfords founding in 1883, and continued until around 1940. It became one of the citys grand neighborhoods, with many residents prominent in land development, business, agriculture, law, medicine, education, politics, and the arts. The district exhibits a wide range of architectural styles from its period of development, notably including several works by Frank Chamberlain Clark, southern Oregon&#39;s preeminent architect of the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Yarbrough Hotel is a historic building in Huntsville, Alabama. The four-story structure was built of brick and reinforced concrete in 1922–25. The top three floors contain 75 rooms, while the ground floor features the hotel lobby and storefronts; as it did not have a ballroom or party rooms, it catered to businessmen. It faced competition from the Twickenham Hotel one block away, and the Russel Erskine Hotel . Yarbrough operated as a residential hotel until the late 1950s, and was renovated in the 1980s.</p><br>
<p>The building stretches 70 feet (21 m) along Washington Street and 152 feet (46 m) on Holmes Avenue. The ground floor is separated from the upper floors by two string courses of stone. Flat brick pilasters divide the façade into bays. Double brackets at the top of each pilaster support a deep pressed metal cornice, with a row of dentils below. Windows on the upper floors are one-over-one sashes, each topped with a row of soldier course brick with a stone block at each corner. Each bay is two windows wide, except for the two end bays on the Holmes side, which are one window wide. The lobby entrance is on the Holmes side, which is covered by an elaborate metal awning. Several storefronts line the Holmes façade at irregular intervals. The Washington Street side is divided into three bays, each with an identical recessed door flanked by large display windows. Shallow awnings stretch across each opening, under a block of small window panes.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Hart-Rice House is a historic house at 408 The Hill in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. It is located on The Hill, a cluster of closely spaced historic buildings southeast of Deer Street, some of which were moved to the site as part of a road widening project. Built sometime between 1749 and 1756, it is a little-altered example of Georgian architecture with only modest Federal period alterations. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Hart-Rice House stands in The Hill, a cluster of closely spaced historic houses bounded on the north by Deer Street and the east by High Street at the northern edge of downtown Portsmouth. This grouping was created by a road widening project from houses originally located on or near Deer Street. It is set in the central cluster, south of the Jeremiah Hart House and west of the Simeon P. Smith House. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a hip roof and clapboarded exterior. It has two chimneys, and three original gable dormers piercing the roof on the main facade. The main entry is flanked by pilasters and topped by a triangular pediment. The interior retains many original Georgian period features, including paneling around all of its fireplaces.</p><br>
<p>The house was built facing Deer Street sometime between 1749, when Samuel Hart mortgaged the land, and 1756, when it was inventoried for his estate. In the early 19th century it was owner by William Hart, a ship&#39;s captain, who made modest alterations to the interior trim. Rice was locally prominent as a privateer during the War of 1812.</p><br>
<p>The Haven-White House is a historic house at 229 Pleasant Street in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Built about 1800 for a prosperous merchant, it is an important early example of the city&#39;s Federal architecture, with numerous high-quality interior features, and a rare surviving period stable. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Haven-White House is located south of central Portsmouth, on the north side of Pleasant Street at its junction with Richmond Street. It is a three story wood frame structure, with a hip roof, interior chimneys, and a clapboarded exterior. A three-story ell projects to the left rear, giving it a facade of similar length facing Richmond Street as its main facade, which faces Pleasant. The main facade is five bays wide, with a center entrance flanked by slender Federal-style engaged columns and topped by a gabled pediment. Windows are topped by shouldered surrounds with slightly projecting caps, and the main eave has dentil moulding encircling the building. The interior retains many high-quality examples of Federal period woodwork, including an extremely rare in situ bust of the poet John Milton. The second-floor southwest bedchamber contains one of the city&#39;s most complete expressions of high-style Federal woodwork.</p><br>
<p>The house was built about 1799 or 1800 for Joseph Haven, a prosperous merchant. The stable at the rear of the property is a two-story building dating to the same period, which includes keystoned arches over its major openings, and a period oculus window.</p><br>
<p>The Highland Road Historic District is a historic district encompassing a rural neighborhood in South Hampton, Rockingham County, New Hampshire. The historic farm estates which characterize the neighborhood date to the turn of the 18th century. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places  in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The boundary of the district (according to the map included in the official NRHP nomination) extends from the junction of the Back River and Woodman Road northward along Woodman to the historic Brown Estate on Highland Road, then continues north to the Kensington border (the properties on the north side of Highland Road actually extend into Kensington). From here the boundary runs east to the northern boundaries of the historic Towle Estate, then south again to Towle&#39;s Corner on to the Back River again. From here the boundary runs along the river (roughly) westward, back to Woodman Road.</p><br>
<p>The district encompasses eight farm properties, including well-preserved farmhouses dating from c. 1730 to c. 1800. Several of these houses are located on lots that are substantially similar to their 18th-century outlines, providing a significant link to the areas past. Three of the eight farmhouses were built before 1740, and most predate South Hamptons incorporation as a separate community. There is also a small stone foundation on the south side of Highland Road said to belong to an old schoolhouse, which does not appear in the NRHP nomination.</p><br>
<p>The present-day neighborhood within and immediately surrounding the district is colloquially called High Town.</p><br>
<p>Oak Place  is a historic residence in Huntsville, Alabama. It was built by renowned Huntsville architect George Steele in 1840 on 320 acres . Steele designed a number of building across the South, including the First National Bank building in Huntsville, and the second Madison County Courthouse which stood from 1840 until 1914. Similar to many of his buildings, Steele designed his house in a Greek Revival style, although much more restrained in detail. The house has a low hipped roof, and is three stories, although it appears as two stories with a basement due to its unusual interior layout. The façade has three steps leading to a one-story, flat-roofed portico supported by two square Doric columns on the corners and two fluted Doric columns in the middle. The entablature is the most decorated part of the house, although it is limited to groups of vertical strakes. Windows flanking the portico are six-over-nine sashes surrounded by square pilasters and Doric capitals with plain entablature and cornice. The interior layout was different than the standard home of the day. It features a central entrance hall, with a large ballroom with 14-foot  ceilings to one side, and two smaller rooms several steps above on the other. In the basement below the two smaller rooms is a dining room, taking advantage of the higher ceiling. There are four bedrooms on the second floor. Like the exterior, the interior was restrained. Many details were lost when it was converted from a house to a church school building by the East Huntsville Baptist Church. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Horne&#39;s Place Chapel, is a late mediaeval timber-framed house with private chapel in Appledore, Kent England.</p><br>
<p>It is designated by English Heritage as a Grade II* listed building in 1952. The chapel is open to view, but the attached manor house, is a private dwelling.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the reign of King John (during 1166 – 1216), Ralph de Horne (of Kenardington), was one of the recognitores magnæ assisæ, or justices of the great assize.</p><br>
<p>Then in 1276, King Edward granted land containing the manor to Matthew Horne (Ralph&#39;s son). A chapel was soon built afterwards. The domestic chapel allowed the Horne family to attend services conveniently at home rather than obliging them to travel to the parish church, and receipt of the licence for worship was an indicator of the family’s high status. The chapel was licensed for divine service in 1366 by Archbishop Simon Langham.</p><br>
<p>Matthew&#39;s descendant, William Horne, was one of the conservators of the peace in 1367.</p><br>
<p>In 1381, the property was entered during the Watts Rebellion, and £10 worth of goods stolen from the farmhouse.</p><br>
<p>In 1392, Henry Horne (MP) inherited Horne&#39;s Place.</p><br>
<p>In 1406, Michael Horne (son of Matthew Horne) became a Sheriff of Kent. He is also thought to be buried in a tomb in the chapel.</p><br>
<p>Later, Robert Horne (Michaels son) also became a Sheriff of Kent in 1452. Soon after the Horne family left Hornes Place and moved to Little Horne in Kenardington. The estate of Hornes Place was known as Great Horne&#39;. Robert Horne, then died in 1461.</p><br>
<p>It was then given by Queen Mary I to Philip Chute (a yeoman of the guard in 1536).</p><br>
<p>It was then used as a barn in the 19th and early 20th centuries.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The 8 metres by 4 metres (26 feet by 13 feet) chapel is built of Kentish ragstone and rubble with a tiled roof. Roof was re-placed in 1520. It also has a stone-flagged floor.</p><br>
<p>It has a double cinquefoil window and blocked 4 centre arch on the west side.</p><br>
<p>The south side has an ogee opening (moulded arch) with a window of 3 cinquefoil-headed lights. The east side has a traceried window with a triple cinquefoil symbol. The northside has a similar window.</p><br>
<p>The chapel was originally linked to the hall wing of the manor house by a doorway, which is now blocked, along its north wall.</p><br>
<p>The chapel also has barrel-vaulted undercroft and a roof from 1520 of 4 heavily moulded</p><br>
<p>arch braces rising from stone corbels. The corbels are decorated with Catherine wheels.</p><br>
<p>Nikolaus Pevsner has described the details of this ‘exquisite little building’ as being ‘of the utmost refinement, far above the level of the local parish churches’ in his Buildings of England.</p><br>
<p>Dymchurch Martello Tower, is a Martello Tower in Dymchurch, Kent England. It stands immediately behind the sea wall.</p><br>
<p>It has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade II listed scheduled monument.</p><br>
<p>The towers were built in the nineteenth century as part of a coastal defence programme. It was placed to protect the gates of marsh sluices with its counterpart Tower no 25 (which is now largely derelict).</p><br>
<p>Tower 23 was restored externally in the early 1970s and is currently a private residence. Tower 24 was then restored using Tower 23 as a guide. In 1969, it became the first Martello tower to be opened to the public and remains as a museum of the Martello Towers, owned by English Heritage.</p><br>
<p>It is currently open between April to October.</p><br>
<p>It has a 24 pounder muzzle-loading cannon on the gun platform.</p><br>
<p>Knights Templar Church, Dover, is the ruins of a mediaeval church on Bredenstone hill, part of the Dover Western Heights, Kent England.</p><br>
<p>It has been designated by English Heritage as a scheduled monument.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The church followed the same plan as the New Temple Church in London but smaller in scale. It was probably used before the church moved to Temple Ewell in 1170, and built the Norman church of St.Peter and St.Paul.</p><br>
<p>In 1309, Ralph de Malton was the preceptor of the church.</p><br>
<p>It was discovered in 1806 during construction of the fortifications on Dover Western Heights, according to Matthew Paris the site of King John&#39;s submission to the papal legate Pandulph in May 1213.</p><br>
<p>The church has a circular nave, 10 metres in diameter, and an oblong chancel. Built mainly of flint rubble with ashlar facings. This unusual form mirrors that of the church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem.</p><br>
<p>The Benjamin James House is a historic house museum at 186 Towle Farm Road in Hampton, New Hampshire. Built in 1723, it is believed to be the oldest surviving example in New Hampshire of the traditional five-bay Georgian Colonial house, with a possibly older building attached as an ell. Now owned by a local nonprofit organization, it is open selected days between May and October, or by appointment. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Benjamin James House is located in a rural setting on the south side of Towle Farm Road, just west of Interstate 95. The house is oriented facing south (away from the street), toward an old road alignment. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a side gable roof, central chimney, and clapboarded exterior. A two-story ell projects north from the back of the house. The main house is built with a heavy timber frame consisting of four bents running front-to-back, joined by horizontal timber beams. Each bent has three posts, which support the roof framing and the summer beams defining the partition between the front and rear chambers. The ell exhibits similar First Period construction techniques, whose forms are consistent with the idea that it was all or part of the first house built on the property, c. 1707. The main house timbers have been dated by dendrochronology to 1723.</p><br>
<p>The land on which the house stands was purchased in 1705 by Benjamin James, a weaver. By 1722 James owned 30 acre, and had eight children, prompting construction of this larger house the following year. The house remained in the James family until 1931, undergoing a number of alterations, mainly to its interior features and finishes. The largest-scale alterations were the removal of the original central chimney late in the 19th century, at which time the house also received new windows (although at least one of its original window sashes was found in the attic). Vacant and in deteriorating condition, it was purchased in 1995 by the James House Association, a local non-profit dedicated to its preservation.</p><br>
<p>The Jewell Town District of South Hampton, New Hampshire, encompasses a colonial-era industrial village with a history dating to 1687. It is centered at the junction of West Whitehall and Jewell Streets, which is just south of a bend in the Powwow River, the source of the power for the mills that were built here. The area was settled in 1687 by Thomas Jewell, and by the early 19th century included a variety of mills as well as a bog iron works. The district now includes only remnants of its industrial past, and features a collection of 18th and early-19th century residential architecture. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Jewell Town is located in central southern South Hampton, hugging the state line with Massachusetts. It is now a largely rural residential area, with farmland and former farmland and woodlands predominating the landscape. The historic district is about 79 acre in size, and extends along West Whitehall Road from crossing point of the state line in the west, to a triangular junction with Jewell Street and Whitehall Road in the east. This junction is between two bridges across the Powwow River, and is the most densely built part of the district. West Whitehall Road is sparsely lined with houses ranging in age from about 1740 to the 20th century. All are wood frame structure, 1-1/2 to 2-1/2 stories in height, and the majority were built before about 1850 in Colonial, Federal and Greek Revival styles. Later constructions are in more vernacular forms, although there is one early 20th-century Colonial Revival house.</p><br>
<p>The area was first settled in 1687 by Thomas Jewell. The waters of the Powwow River were recognized from an early date as a useful source of power, and the bend on the Powwow River was the site of most of South Hampton&#39;s 18th-century industry. Industries in the area included several sawmills, a gristmill, fulling mill, and an iron works. In the 19th century more specialized businesses arose, included manufacturers of pails, matches, and axles. Water-based industry was effectively killed when the Salisbury Mill Company, located just to the south in Amesbury, Massachusetts, bought up all of the water rights and reserved them for its own use.</p><br>
<p>The Reuben Lamprey Homestead is a historic house at 416 Winnacunnet Road in Hampton, New Hampshire. Built in the 1770s, the property is the best-preserved colonial-era farm complex in the town. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Reuben Lamprey Homestead is located on the north side of Winnacunnet Road, a busy east-west through road, between Presidential Circle and Nathaniel Way. The main house is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a side gable roof, center chimney, and clapboarded exterior. The main facade is symmetrical, with five bays, and is simply trimmed except for the centered entrance. That is flanked by sidelight windows and recessed paneled pilasters, and is topped by a seven-light transom window and entablature. Extending to the rear of the main block are two ells, both now of 20th-century origin. A timber-framed barn stands beyond and to the right of the house.</p><br>
<p>The main house was built in the 1770s by Reuben Lamprey, descendant of one of the area&#39;s early settlers. The house, and the accompanying period barn, have seen only relatively modest alterations since their construction. The principal alterations have been the replacement of the ells, and repair work on the barn, which partially collapsed due to neglect in the 20th century. It was restored and used for a time as a well-known local antique shop. The property was sold out of the Lamprey family in 1881.</p><br>
<p>Balbagon is a teardrop-shaped island in northeastern Iloilo, Philippines. It is one of fourteen islands politically administered by the municipality of Carles. There is a small beach resort on the island.</p><br>
<h2>Location and geography</h2><br>
<p>Balbagon is a narrow, low-lying wooded island northeast of the Panay Island coast in the Visayan Sea. It is 6 km west of Gigantes Sur and directly west of Nabunot Island. Balbagon is part of barangay Lantangan, on Gigantes Sur. The Coral Cay Beach Resort is on Balbagon and is accessible from Gigantes Sur.</p><br>
<p>Two minor islands lie east and south of Balbagon. Ojastras Islet is a small cay 0.5 mi south of Balbagon, while Turnina Islet is 0.75 mi to the east. Shoal spits connect both islets to Balbagon.</p><br>
<p>The Camayo Arcade is a historic shopping arcade located along Winchester Avenue in downtown Ashland, Kentucky. It opened in July 1926 and was the first indoor shopping mall built in the state of Kentucky. The building is part of the Ashland Commercial Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>On September 22, 1925, a construction contract was awarded to C. Harrison Smith, a general contractor from Huntington, West Virginia. Demolition of the Josselson Brothers Furniture Store began the following week on the site where the arcade would be constructed. Electrical fixtures were installed beginning in June 1925 by the Beardslee Chandelier Manufacturing Company of Chicago. The arcade opened under the management of John C. C. Mayo, Jr. and Alexander Cameron in July 1926.</p><br>
<p>On October 9, 1926, the 15,000 ft&sup2; Camayo Arcade Recreation Center opened in basement of the building. The recreation center featured billiards tables and a bowling alley. Once completed, the Camayo Arcade had 68,190 ft&sup2; of total floor space.</p><br>
<p>The building underwent significant renovations in 2012 after being purchased by resident Perry Madden.</p><br>
<p>Cabugao  is a small, uninhabited island in northeastern Iloilo, Philippines. It is one of fourteen islands politically administered by the municipality of Carles. Along with Bantigui Island and Antonia Island, it is one of three minor southern islets in the Islas de Gigantes archipelago.</p><br>
<h2>Location and geography</h2><br>
<p>Cabugao is a small island northeast of the Panay Island coast in the Visayan Sea. It is 0.5 km south of Gigantes Sur and is part of the Islas de Gigantes island group. Cabugao is a widely photographed island in Isla de Gigantes and is often part of island-hopping tours of the archipelago. It features two white sand beaches that forms like a sandbar connecting two islets. There is a per-person fee to visit the island.</p><br>
<p>Tanguingui  is a small, uninhabited island in northeastern Iloilo, Philippines. It is a minor island politically administered by the municipality of Carles and one of the easternmost islands in the Islas de Gigantes archipelago. There is a lighthouse on the island.</p><br>
<h2>Location and geography</h2><br>
<p>Tanguingui is a small cay in the Visayan Sea. It is 60 mi east of Panay Island and almost directly north of Bantayan Island. Flat and sandy, it is 23.5 mi east-southeast of Gigantes Sur and is part of the Islas de Gigantes island group.</p><br>
<h2>Lighthouse</h2><br>
<p>According to the Faros Españoles de Ultramar, Tanguingui was one of the 27 major lighthouses of the Philippines during the Spanish occupation of the Philippines. In 1903, the US government built a 45 ft lighthouse on Tanguingui. The current lighthouse is a black steel structure 113 ft high.</p><br>
<p>Quaid-e-Azam tourist lodge, Barsala, is a historic tourist lodge located in Kohala, Muzaffarabad District, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. The tourist point is also known as Quaid-e-Azam Memorial Rest House, named after the first Pakistani governor-general, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, as it hosted him in 1944. The tourist spot is also known as Dak Bungalow.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The lodge serves as a popular tourist attraction. It is located at a distance of 100 km from Islamabad, the Pakistani capital, and 40 km from Muree. On the way to Muzaffarabad, the Azad Kashmir capital, it is only 3 km (2 mi) from the Kohala Bridge, that serves as the entry point to Azad Kashmir.</p><br>
<h2>Historical significance</h2><br>
<p>The lodge was first built during the Dogra rule by the Hindu Dogra dynasty. The founder of Pakistan, Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, and his sister Madar-e-Millat Fatima Jinnah, stayed here on 25 July 1944 when they were returning from Srinagar on their way to Rawalpindi. A wall plaque was unveiled by the then Azad Kashmir Prime Minister Sardar Sikandar Hayat Khan on 14 August 2001, commemorating the visit of Jinnah.</p><br>
<h2>2005 earthquake</h2><br>
<p>On 8 October 2005, the historic lodge was damaged by a 7.6 MW earthquake with epicenter at Muzaffarabad. Efforts were undertaken by the Government of Azad Kashmir to restore the heritage site, and the AJK Tourism and Archeology Department repaired the tourist point. It now has seven rooms for tourists.</p><br>
<p>Capones Island, also known as Grand Capon or Capon Grande Island  is a small island approximately 1.9 km long by 0.4 km wide, at its widest point, lying some 3.8 km off the coast of the province of Zambales on western Luzon island in the Philippines. It is the largest of the Capones Islands , a group of three small islands which also includes nearby Camara Island and another islet connected to it by a sand bar. The island is administratively part of barangay Pundaquit of the Zambales municipality of San Antonio.</p><br>
<p>The island is characterized by huge rock formations and steep cliffs surrounded by white sand and coral beaches. The Capones Island Lighthouse is located on the hillside near the western end of the island.</p><br>
<h2>Proposed marine park</h2><br>
<p>The marine areas surrounding Capones Island as well as portions of the adjacent coastline of barangays Pundaquit and San Miguel rich in fish and coral reefs currently has no special protection. The decline in fish catch brought about by the Mount Pinatubo eruption in 1991 and continued siltation problems as well as illegal fishing practices in the area prompted the Environmental Protection of Asia Foundation to submit a proposal to the Department of Environment and Natural Resources in 2003 for its conversion into a marine protected area called Capones Island Marine Park in coordination with the local government unit of San Antonio. It is also the aim of the program to provide alternative sources of livelihood to local fishermen, such as tourism.</p><br>
<p>Ghasabe Qanats of Gonabad  also is called kariz Kai Khosrow is one of the oldest and largest qanats in the world built between 700 BC to 500 BC. It is located at Gonabad, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran and contains 427 water wells with a total length of 33,113 meters. This site were first added to the UNESCO&#39;s list of tentative World Heritage Sites in 2007, then officially inscribed in 2016 with several other quants under the World Heritage Site name of "The Persian Qanet".</p><br>
<h2>Persian period</h2><br>
<p>According to Callisthenes, the Persians were using water clocks in 328 BCE to ensure a just and exact distribution of water from qanats to their shareholders for agricultural irrigation. The use of water clocks in Iran, especially in Qanats of Gonabad and kariz Zibad, dates back to 500BCE. Later they were also used to determine the exact holy days of pre-Islamic religions, such as the Nowruz, Chelah, or Yaldā - the shortest, longest, and equal-length days and nights of the years.</p><br>
<p>The water clock, or Fenjaan, was the most accurate and commonly used timekeeping device for calculating the amount or the time that a farmer must take water from Qanats of Gonabad until it was replaced by more accurate current clocks.</p><br>
<p>Nasir Khusraw(1003-1077) in his book Safarnama has described Qanat e Gonabad as the Kariz e Kai Khosrow according to Nasir Khusraw it was dug by the order of Kai Khosrow whom some scholars believe is the same as Cyrus the Great</p><br>
<p>According to an inscription left by Sargon II the king of Assyria, In 714 BC he invaded the city of Uhlu lying in the northwest of Uroomiye lake that lay in the territory of Urartu empire, and then he noticed that the occupied area enjoyed a very rich vegetation even though there was no river running across it. In fact it was Ursa, the king of the region, who had rescued the people from thirst and turned Uhlu into a prosperous and green land. Goblot believes that the influence of the Medeans and Achaemenids made the technology of qanat spread from Urartu (in the western north of Iran and near the present border between Iran and Turkey) to all over the Iranian plateau.</p><br>
<p>It was an Achaemenid ruling that in case someone succeeded in constructing a qanat and bringing groundwater to the surface in order to cultivate land, or in renovating an abandoned qanat, the tax he was supposed to pay the government would be waived not only for him but also for his successors for up to 5 generations. following Darius’s order, Silaks the naval commander of the Persian army and Khenombiz the royal architect managed to construct a qanat in the oasis of Kharagha in Egypt. Beadnell believes that qanat construction dates back to two distinct periods: they were first constructed by the Persianse, and later the Romans dug some other qanats during their reign in Egypt from 30 BC to 395 AD. The magnificent temple built in this area during Darius’s reign shows that there was a considerable population depending on the water of qanats. Ragerz has estimated this population to be 10,000 people. The most reliable document confirming the existence of qanats at this time was written by Polybius who states that: “the streams are running down from everywhere at the base of Alborz mountain, and people have transferred too much water from a long distance through some subterranean canals by spending much cost and labor”.</p><br>
<p>The government proceeded to repair or dredge the qanats that were abandoned or destroyed for any reason, and construct the new qanats if necessary. A document written in the Pahlavi language pointed out the important role of qanats in developing the cities at that time.</p><br>
<h2>Islamic period</h2><br>
<p>In Iran, the advent of Islam, which coincided with the overthrow of the Sassanid dynasty, brought about a profound change in religious, political, social and cultural structures. But the qanats stayed intact, because the economic infrastructure, including qanats was of great importance to the Arabs. As an instance, M. Lombard reports that the Moslem clerics who lived during Abbasid period, such as Abooyoosef Ya’qoob (death 798 AD) stipulated that whoever can bring water to the idle lands in order to cultivate, his tax would be waived and he would be entitled to the lands cultivated. Therefore, this policy did not differ from that of the Achaemenids in not getting any tax from the people who revived abandoned lands. The Arabs’ supportive policy on qanats was so successful that even the holy city of Mecca gained a qanat too. The Persian historian Hamdollah Mostowfi writes: “Zobeyde Khatoon (Haroon al-Rashid’s wife) constructed a qanat in Mecca. After the time of Haroon al-Rashid, during the caliph Moghtader’s reign this qanat fell into decay, but he rehabilitated it, and the qanat was rehabilitated again after it collapsed during the reign of two other caliphs named Ghaem and Naser. After the era of the caliphs this qanat completely fell into ruin because the desert sand filled it up, but later Amir Choopan repaired the qanat and made it flow again in Mecca.”</p><br>
<p>There are also other historical texts proving that the Abbasids were concerned about qanats. For example, according to the “Incidents of Abdollah bin Tahir’s Time” written by Gardizi, in the year 830 AD a terrible earthquake struck the town of Forghaneh and reduced many homes to rubble. The inhabitants of Neyshaboor used to come to Abdollah bin Tahir in order to request him to intervene, for they fought over their qanats and found the relevant instruction or law on qanat as a solution neither in the prophet’s quotations nor in the clerics’ writings. So Abdollah bin Tahir managed to bring together all the clergymen from throughout Khorasan and Iraq to compile a book entitled “Alghani” (The Book of Qanat). This book collected all the rulings on qanats which could be of use to whoever wanted to judge a dispute over this issue. Gardizi added that this book was still applicable to his time, and everyone made references to this book.</p><br>
<p>Apart from The Book of Alghani, which is considered as a law booklet focusing on qanat-related rulings based on Islamic principles, there is another book about groundwater written by Karaji in the year 1010. This book, entitled "Extraction of Hidden Waters", examines just the technical issues associated with the qanat and tries to answer the common questions such as how to construct and repair a qanat, how to find a groundwater supply, how to do leveling, etc. Some of the innovations described in this book were introduced for the first time in the history of hydrogeology, There are some records dating back to that time, signifying their concern about the legal vicinity of qanats. For example, Mohammad bin Hasan quotes Aboo-Hanifeh that in case someone constructs a qanat in abandoned land, someone else can dig another qanat in the same land on the condition that the second qanat is 500 zera’ (375 meters) away from the first one.</p><br>
<p>Ms. Lambton quotes Moeen al-din Esfarzi who wrote the book Rowzat al-Jannat (the garden of paradise) that Abdollah bin Tahir (from the Taherian dynasty) and Ismaeel Ahmed Samani (from the Samani dynasty) had several qanats constructed in Neyshaboor. Later, in the 11th century, a writer named Nasir Khosrow acknowledged all those qanats with the following words: “Neyshaboor is located in a vast plain at a distance of 40 Farsang (~240 km) from Serakhs and 70 Farsang (~420 km) from Mary (Marv)... all the qanats of this city run underground, and it is said that an Arab who was offended by the people of Neyshaboor has complained that; what a beautiful city Neyshaboor could have become if its qanats would have flowed on the ground surface and instead its people would have been underground”.</p><br>
<p>These documents all certify the importance of qanats during the Islamic history within the cultural territories of Iran.</p><br>
<p>There is a 14th-century book entitled "Al-Vaghfiya Al-Rashidiya" (Rashid’s Deeds of Endowment) that names all the properties located in Yazd, Shiraz, Maraghe, Tabriz, Isfahan and Mowsel that Rashid Fazl-Allah donated to the public or religious places. This book mentions many qanats running at that time and irrigating a considerable area of farmland. At the same time, another book, entitled Jame’ al-Kheyrat, was written by Seyyed Rokn al-Din on the same subject as Rashid’s book. In this book, Seyyed Rokn al-Din names the properties he donated in the region of Yazd. These deeds of endowment indicate that much attention was given to the qanats during the reign of Ilkhanids, but it is attributable to their Persian ministers, who influenced them.</p><br>
<h2>Pahlavi period</h2><br>
<p>During the Pahlavi period, the process of qanat construction and maintenance continued. A council that was responsible for the qanats was set up by the government. At that time most of the qanats belonged to landlords. In fact, feudalism was the prevailing system in the rural regions. The peasants were not entitled to the lands they worked on, but were considered only as the users of the lands. They had to pay rent for land and water to the landlords who could afford to finance all the proceedings required to maintain the qanats, for they were relatively wealthy. According to the report of Safi Asfiya, who was in charge of supervising the qanats of Iran in the former regime, in the year 1942 Iran had 40,000 qanats with a total discharge of 600,000 liters per second or 18.2 billion cubic meters per year. In 1961, another report was published revealing that in Iran there were 30,000 qanats of which just 20,000 were still in use, with a total output of 560,000 lit/se or 17.3 billion cubic meters per year. In 1959 a reforme program named as the White Revolution was declared by the former Shah. One of the articles of this program addressed the land reform that let peasants take ownership of part of the landlords’ lands. In fact, the land reform meant that the landlords lost their motivation for investing more money in constructing or repairing the qanats which were subject to the Lnd Reform Law. On the other hand, the peasants could not come up with the money to maintain the qanats, so many qanats were gradually abandoned. The introduction of modern devices, that made it possible to drill many deep wells and extract groundwater much more quickly, accelerated the qanats’ destruction. The pumped wells had a negative impact on the qanats due to their overexploitation of the groundwater. These changes, that occurred in Mohammad Reza Shah’s reign, inflicted great damage on the qanats of the country so that many qanats vanished forever. The statistics related to 14,778 qanats estimates the overall discharge of these qanats to be 6.2 billion cubic meters per year between the years 1972 and 1973. If we assume the total number of the qanats at that time to be 32,000, their annual discharge would have amounted to 12 billion cubic meters.</p><br>
<p>In 1963, the Ministry of Water and Electricity was established in order to provide the rural and urban areas of the country with sufficient water and electricity. Later, this Ministry was renamed the Ministry of Energy. Three years later, in 1966, the parliament passed a law protecting groundwater resources. According to this law, the Ministry of Water and Electricity was allowed to ban drilling any deep or semi-deep wells wherever surveys showed that the water table was dropping because of overpumping. In fact, this law was passed only after the growing number of the pumped wells sounded the alarm about overpumping and depletion of groundwater leading to the decline in qanat’ flow all over the country. This law, as well as the Law of Water Nationalization that was approved in 1968, and eventually the Law of Fair Distribution of water passed (in 1981) after the Islamic revolution emphasized the definition of restricted and free areas for drilling. In the restricted areas, drilling any wells (except for drinking and industry) was prohibited in order to prevent the continuous depletion of groundwater. So the rest of the qanats had a better chance to survive.</p><br>
<p>In the years 1984-1985 the ministry of energy took census of 28038 qanats whose total discharge was 9 billion cubic meters. In the years 1992-1993 the census of 28054 qanats showed a total discharge of 10 billion cubic meters. 10 years later in 2002-2003 the number of the qanats was reported as 33691 with a total discharge of 8 billion cubic meters.</p><br>
<p>In the year 2000, holding the International Conference on Qanats in Yazd drew a lot of attention to the qanats. In 2005 the Iranian government and UNESCO signed an agreement to set up the International Center on Qanats and Historic Hydraulic Structures (ICQHS) under the auspices of UNESCO. The main mission of this center is the recognition, transfer of knowledge and experiences, promotion of information and capacities with regard to all the aspects of qanat technology and related historic hydraulic structures. This mission aims to fulfill sustainable development of water resources and the application of the outcome of the activities in order to preserve historical and cultural values as well as the promotion of the public welfare within the communities whose existence depends on the rational exploitation of the resources and preservation of such historical structures.</p><br>
<p>South Carolina State College Historic District is a national historic district located on the campus of South Carolina State University at Orangeburg, Orangeburg County, South Carolina. The district encompasses 10 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 1 contributing object at the core of the historically black university. They were constructed between 1917 and 1950, and include a variety of architectural styles including Classical Revival and International Style. Notable buildings include the separately listed Hodge Hall and Lowman Hall, along with Home Management House, Mechanical Industries Hall, and Wilkinson Hall. Also on the campus, but located outside the district, is Dukes Gymnasium.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>Fuego Point, commonly known as Punta Fuego, is a flame-shaped headland located in western Batangas province on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. It extends as a 2.9 km-long promontory into the South China Sea overlooking Fortune Island and Nasugbu and Calayo bays in the municipality of Nasugbu. It is home to the exclusive Club Punta Fuego and Peninsula de Punta Fuego resort and seaside community.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Punta Fuego is moderately high and rocky, with an islet off its north side. Two other islets, connected by a reef, lie southeast of the point and have a pinnacle rock, awash at low water, on their eastern side. The 88-hectare residential resort has several private beaches, a golf course, marina and a heliport developed in 1995 by Landco Pacific and Roxaco Land. The entire area is administered as part of the Nasugbu barangay of Balaytigue.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Punta Fuego was the site of the Battle of San Diego between the Spanish and Dutch forces in the prelude to the Battles of La Naval de Manila in 1600. It is believed that the name of the place may have originated from this naval battle, when the early inhabitants heard the word Fuego! ("Fire!" in English), the command given by the Spanish naval vessel captain to fire cannons against the enemy.</p><br>
<p>Rapidum was a Roman settlement and fort located in Mauretania Caesariensis, nearly 100 km south of Icosium .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Romans built a fort in what is now Sour Djouab (south of actual Algiers) during the first century of their rule in Mauretania between Castellum Tingitanum (El Asnam) and Auzia (Sour el Ghozlane), in order to expand their control of the interior of the region. Soon under Hadrian near the fort grew up a civilian settlement called "Rapidum", on the Roman road called the Nova Praetentura, which connected Numidia with Mauretania Tingitana and passed through Rapidum.</p><br>
<p>The original castrum of Rapidum remained until 201 AD, while the town survived until emperor Aurelianus when it was destroyed by Berber nomads. The Later emperor Diocletianus rebuilt it during the late 3rd century with huge buildings which lasted until the Arab invasions.</p><br>
<p>The initial garrison of Rapidum fort was – according to historian M. Ruiu – the Cohors II Sardorum and protected the new limes of the Roman Empire moved south from the Mediterranean shores to a military road called Nova Praetentura. This road went from Rapidum near Numidia to Altava and to Numerus Syrorum at the border of Mauretania Tingitana.</p><br>
<p>Rapidum was named "municipium" and had an extension of 15 hectares under Marcus Aurelius (with nearly 4,000 inhabitants, mostly romanised Berbers, like Auzia).</p><br>
<p>The city was later destroyed by Berber rebellions, but Diocletian restored the city that had even huge Roman thermae. Pieces of colossal statues of Jupiter and Minerva suggest the existence of a "Capitol". There also undoubtedly was a temple to Ceres.</p><br>
<p>The fort was abandoned around 325 AD, while the city remained some centuries more (even if it never fully recovered).</p><br>
<p>Rapidum was conquered by the Vandals and later reduced to a small village, probably Christian (at Aïn Tamda, just W of Rapidum ruins, a group of Christian buildings (church and monastery) has been excavated)- was occupied by the Romano-Berber kingdom of Altava in the 6th century. It disappeared with the Arab conquest of North Africa in the 7th century. Actually only some ruins remain, excavated in the 1920s by the French colonists.</p><br>
<h2>Bishopric</h2><br>
<p>Rapidum was center of an ancient bishopric and remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church in the province of Mauritania Cesariense.</p><br>
<p>Bishops</p><br>
<p>Raul Nicolau Gonçalves (5 Jan 1967 Appointed – 30 Jan 1978)</p><br>
<p>Gyula Szakos (31 Mar 1979 Appointed – 5 Apr 1982)</p><br>
<p>Mieczyslaw Jaworski (7 May 1982 Appointed – 19 Aug 2001)</p><br>
<p>Brian Vincent Finnigan (31 Jan 2002 Appointed – )</p><br>
<p>Old Laurel High School is a historic former school building on Montgomery Street in Laurel, Maryland. Built in 1899, it was the original home of Laurel High School, and now houses a community center.</p><br>
<p>Laurel High School was founded in 1899 with an enrollment of 59 students and four teachers. According to the city government, as reported by The Washington Post, the 1900 graduating class was all women. The original school building is now the Phelps Community Center in Laurel. The cupola on top was used during World War II as a Civil Defense Aircraft Spotting Station for identifying enemy aircraft. In 1965, the high school was moved to a larger building on Cherry Lane.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 as "Laurel High School".</p><br>
<p>Chinamans Hat Island is an islet located off the south coast of Yorke Peninsula in Investigator Strait in South Australia about 2.4 km south-west of Stenhouse Bay and within 350 m of the shore. As of 2014, it is located within the Innes National Park.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Chinamans Hat Island is located about 350 m from the shoreline and about 2.4 km south-west of Stenhouse Bay. The islet is a remnant piece of cliff line which rises to a height of 11 m and sits on an intertidal rock platform that joins the mainland at the west and extends past the island to the east. The islet is named due to the similarity of its shape to a conical Asian hat. Access is reported as being ‘best gained by small boat, taking care to avoid the shallow rocks and reefs in the surrounding waters.’</p><br>
<p>The name ‘Chinamans Hat’ is also informally used for other features near the islet such as the small bay located between it and the mainland, the intertidal reef that connects it to the mainland and facilities on the mainland provided as part of the Innes National Park.</p><br>
<h2>Formation, geology and oceanography</h2><br>
<p>Chinamans Hat Island was formed between 7500 and 8900 years ago after sea levels rose at the start of the Holocene thereby separating Yorke Peninsula from Kangaroo Island.</p><br>
<p>Chinamans Hat Island is reported as being entirely composed of a Bridgewater Formation calcarenite rock with ‘distinct horizontal layers of hard calcrete’.</p><br>
<p>The islet rises from a depth of 10 m.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<h3>Flora</h3><br>
<p>A survey conducted in 1996 found eleven species of plants including sea celery, marsh saltbush, round leaved pigface, ruby saltbush, grey samphire, nitre-bush, bower spinach and common iceplant.</p><br>
<h3>Fauna</h3><br>
<p>As of 1996, vertebrate animals were represented by bird species such as little penguins, feral pigeons and sooty oystercatchers.</p><br>
<h2>Protected areas status</h2><br>
<p>Chinamans Hat Island has been reported as being part of the Innes National Park by 1980. Since 2012, the waters surrounding its shores are located in a sanctuary zone within the boundaries of the South Spencer Gulf Marine Park.</p><br>
<p>Okabe or Occabe, is a 1,456 m high Pyrenean summit in the Basse-Navarre province of the Basque country in France.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>Okʰabe is a hydronym from a spring located on the southern slope.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>Mount Okabe lies on the pyrenean watershed. Cromlechs called harrespils lie on the western slope of the massif.</p><br>
<p>26 cromlechs or harrespils have been found on the Okabe plateau. Perhaps the area of an ancient pastoral passage, no written record provides any explanation for the presence of these prehistorical or protohistoric relics. Researchers have found pavings and remains of charcoal and ash in the middle of the rings. Corps cremation and funerary rituels suggest it was a necropole.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>Possible from Estérençuby or the Irati Forest. From Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port, take the col dIraty road, go past la chapelle Saint-Sauveur, go up to the summit of the col de Burdincurutcheta, go down to the plateau dIraty and take the D301 road to the col de Sourzay summit. Stop at the house (the only one in 2011). Mount Okabe lies south-east; then about an hour&#39;s walk.</p><br>
<p>Steni Dirfyos  formerly Ano Steni is a Greek village in Euboea. It is nearly located the centre of Euboea, 30 km northeast of Chalcis. It is built at a height of 440 m. in the slopes of mount Dirfys. Steni is part of Dirfys-Messapia municipality and is the seat of Dirfys regional unit. Its population is 392 inhabitants according to 2011 census.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Steni is built in the late 18th century (at about in 1790) by inhabitants of village Skounteri (nowadays Pyrgos). During Ottoman occupation Skounteri was the seat of the local Ottoman governor (Beis). Skounteri has almost been depopulated the next years. In the short distance from Steni is located a big steep rock that named Kleisoura. During Ottoman period this place was the refuge of local anti-Ottoman insurgents known as Klepht. After the Greek independence, Steni became the most important village of the mountainous central Euboea. The last years there was the seat of the local municipality of Dirfys as well as the seat of the local community that includes moreover the small villages Kato Steni and Pyrgos.</p><br>
<h2>Historical population</h2><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>The recent years the village has evolved as a popular destination for climbers and mountain hikers. In the village is the starting point of the path for the summit of Dirfys. There are also hiking paths towards the mountain refuges.</p><br>
<p>Interesting sights near village is the old Byzantine church known as Palaiopanagia. The temple had very important hagiography frescoes that date from 16th century. Five of these were stolen in 1978 but they returned to Greece recently. After the return the frescoes were exhibited in Byzantine Museum.</p><br>
<p>The Wilmington Savings Fund Society Building is a historic bank building at 838 North Market Street in Wilmington, Delaware. The three story masonry structure was built in 1920, replacing an earlier building constructed by the Wilmington Savings Fund Society  in 1886, and was designed by the New York City Hoggson Brothers firm. It is a stately expression of the Classical Revival, with massive Egyptian columns supporting porticos on three sides.</p><br>
<p>Prior to WSFS Bank moving to its current headquarters on Delaware Avenue, the building&#39;s main entry on North Market Street featured an ornate dentillated pediment. The lobby featured a mural by N. C. Wyeth, added in 1932. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>In 2015, construction began to turn the building into apartments aimed at housing teachers from the area&#39;s many public and charter schools.</p><br>
<p>The Kensington Town House is the town hall of Kensington, New Hampshire. Located at 95 Amesbury Road , the single-story wood frame building was erected in 1846, and has been its only purpose-built municipal hall. It is a good local example of civic Greek Revival architecture, and its hall has historically hosted town meetings and social functions. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Kensington Town House is located near the geographic center of the town, on the west side of Amesbury Road at its junction with Osgood Road. It is set in a small cluster of civic buildings that includes two Greek Revival churches. It is a 1-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. Its main facade faces roughly east, and is basically symmetrical, with a pair of entrances flanking a central sash window. The entrances are flanked by pilasters and topped by transom windows and peaked entablatures. The building corners are also pilastered, with an entablature running below the eaves along the sides. In the gable above is a triangular panel, on which is mounted a flagpole stand, from which an American flag is normally hung. The interior has a meeting space on the main level, and a basement space in which town offices are kept.</p><br>
<p>The town of Kensington was originally part of first Hampton and then Hampton Falls, before being separately incorporated in 1762. Its first colonial meeting house was built in this area in 1733, and the second replaced it in 1770-71. By the 1840s religious groups had ended their use of the building, which was judged too large for the town&#39;s needs. The old building was dismantled and the present structure built in 1846. Its original foundation included stones used from that of the old building, and it may incorporate timbers of the old structure. The building was enlarged in the 1880s, and a two-story addition (its height obscured because of lower grade) was added in 1918, at which time the stage and proscenium were added to the main hall. In addition to housing town meetings, the building has hosted private events, community organizational meetings, and social events such as dances and balls. In the 1970s, the town began using a new and larger American Legion hall for its town meetings.</p><br>
<p>The Larkin-Rice House is a historic house at 180 Middle Street in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Built c. 1813-15, it is a distinctive example of Federal period architecture, notable for its facade, which has five Palladian windows. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Larkin-Rice House stands on the west side of Middle Street, a busy through street south of downtown Portsmouth, between Austin and State Streets. It is a three story brick building, roughly square in footprint, with four chimneys and a truncated hip roof with a widow&#39;s walk at its center. The main facade is three bays wide, with a symmetrical arrangement of windows around a centered entrances. The windows flanking the entrance are classical three-part Palladian windows, with narrow sidelights and a rounded center window. On the second floor are three similar arrangements, except the flanking sidelights have been bricked over. All of the windows are set in slightly recessed brick panels. Third-floor windows are small three-over-three sash, crowned by splayed stone lintels. The main cornice has classical detailing. The interior of the house has had some alterations, but many Federal period features remain intact.</p><br>
<p>The house was built c. 1813-15 by Samuel Larkin, an auctioneer who made a fortune selling off assets seized by local privateers during the War of 1812. A period stable and carriage house also survives on the property, while other features, notably a covered way between the house and stable, have been removed.</p><br>
<p>The Deacon Samuel and Jabez Lane Homestead is a historic farmstead at 132 Portsmouth Avenue in Stratham, New Hampshire. Built in 1807, the main house is a fine local example of Federal period architecture, with carvings executed by a regional master craftsman. The property is further significant because the owners at the time of its construction kept detailed journals documenting the construction of it and other buildings on the property. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Deacon Samuel and Jabez Lane Homestead occupies a roughly triangular island of land bounded by the junction of New Hampshire Routes 33 and 108, which functions as a rotary. The property includes four buildings: the main house, a shoe shop, corn house, and barn. The main house is on the west side of the island; it is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a hip roof and end chimneys. Its main facade is five bays wide and symmetrical, with a center entrance framed by Federal period pilasters, a four-light transom window, and a fully pedimented gable. The house interior has received only modest alteration since its construction in 1807, retaining stencilwork on the parlor floor and a fine cherry central staircase. A modernized ell extends to the rear (east).</p><br>
<p>The four buildings that stand here were part of a once-larger industrial site, which also included a tanning yard, workhouses, and worker residences. Samuel Lane acquired this property in 1741, and his house was largely completed the following year. The shoe shop and a barn followed, and Lane operated a successful tannery on the premises until his death in 1806. It was taken over by his son Jabez, who expanded the premises. He built a new house on the site of his fathers old house, a process that took two years. The corn house, now converted to residential use, dates to this period, and its construction and that of the house are detailed in Jabez Lanes journals. The extant barn, now housing a commercial establishment, appears to date to the mid-19th century. The house is notable for the joinery (particularly of its main staircase) of local craftsman Ebenezer Clifford. Most of its 20th-century modifications, including the addition of minimal modern services to the main block and the addition of porches, have been made to be easily reversible.</p><br>
<p>The Sarah Benedict House is located at 3751 Prospect Avenue in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. The house is listed in the National Register of Historic Places and is part of the Upper Prospect Avenue Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The brick Queen Anne-style house features asymmetrical massing, a hip roof, detailed masonry, irregular slate shingling and a tiled frieze between the first and second stories. The identity of the home&#39;s architect is unknown.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1883 for Sarah Rathbone Benedict, widow of Cleveland Herald publisher George A. Benedict. Widowed in 1876, Sarah Benedict lived in the home from its construction until shortly before her death in 1902 at the age of 87.</p><br>
<p>After her death, the Benedict House existed for many years as a single-family residence. As the Upper Prospect neighborhood transitioned during the early 20th century to a center for Cleveland&#39;s automobile retail sales and other commercial uses, the property served as a boarding house, office building and for light manufacturing. It later became "The Library," a popular bar for students at nearby Cleveland State University.</p><br>
<p>The house was renovated by the Cleveland Restoration Society to allow for its use by the Society as its headquarters and for office space. The house can also be rented for special occasions.</p><br>
<p>Tours of the building&#39;s interior are by appointment only and are free to CRS members.</p><br>
<p>Tornø  is a small island in the Odense Fjord, roughly 7 km northeast of the city of Odense, in Kerteminde Municipality, Funen, Denmark. It covers an area of 21 hectare and is connected to the mainland by a 300 m-long causeway. The first tenant farmer on the island was Hans Eriksen in 1921.</p><br>
<p>For years the island could only be reached by riding or driving through the shallow waters but after Anders Jørgensen bought the island in 1922, he connected it to the mainland by road so that he could transport shells from the island. The link was completed in 1926. His shell crushing plant has long disappeared but the land is still farmed on Odense Fjord&#39;s only inhabited island. The original farm has long been replaced by a modern brick building. the island had a population of 3 people, with 4 people reported in 2014, although the island is inaccessible to the general public. It contains a narrow strip of salt marsh.</p><br>
<p>The Budge Cottage is a historic house located on Center Street in Paris, Idaho. The cottage was built in the late 1880s as a rental house for the locally prominent Budge family. The one-story cottage has a hall and parlor plan; while this design was quite common during the early settlement of Paris, it had been largely replaced by larger houses by the 1880s. The Budge Cottage is one of the more ornate hall and parlor cottages built in the city; its design features a gabled porch with turned posts and balusters and decorative moldings on the windows and under the eaves.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 18, 1982. It is one of four Paris houses associated with the Budge Family on the National Register; the other three are the Alfred Budge House, the Julia Budge House, and the Taft Budge Bungalow.</p><br>
<p>Khadzhyder Lagoon  is a salty lagoon in the Tuzly Lagoons group in Tatarbunary Raion of Odessa Oblast, Ukraine. It is separated from the Alibey by a sandbar. Two river, Khadzhyder River and Hlyboka River, inflow into the lagoon. The last one inflows west to the village Bezymyanka, it has a length 24 km, watershed area 80.3 km². The lagoon has a 4 km length and 2.5 km width. Two villages, Lyman and Bezymyanka, are located on the coast of the lagoon.</p><br>
<p>The lagoon was a part of the Alibey Lagoon in historical period, and appeared as a result of separation of the Khadzhyder River mouth by a sandbar. Several kurhans of Catacomb culture are located near the village of Lyman.</p><br>
<p>The water body is included to the Tuzly Lagoons National Nature Park.</p><br>
<h2>Hydronym</h2><br>
<p>«The valley of Hajji»</p><br>
<p>Hajj (honorific title given to a Muslim person who has successfully completed the Hajj to Mecca), Hajj (حج hajj) is an Islamic pilgrimage.</p><br>
<p>Dere (valley)</p><br>
<p>The name of the lagoon Khadzhyder on the historical maps:</p><br>
<p>1877 — L. Hadji Der.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
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<p>Roper House Complex, also known as Camp Oolenoy and Elizabeth Ellison House, is a historic home located near Pickens, Pickens County, South Carolina. It was built in 1856, and enlarged and remodeled by the Civilian Conservation Corps  with American Craftsman influences in about 1937. Also on the property are three contributing outbuildings; a smokehouse, garage, and chicken coop. It was the home of Manning Thomas Roper, first superintendent of Table Rock State Park. He also provided the land for both CCC camps and also provided the right-of-way for the original park entrance. In 1952, the Roper House became part of the Table Rock State Park, Camp Oolenoy complex.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The Fielder House is a historic house in Fordyce, Arkansas. Its oldest portion built in 1875, it is the oldest building in Dallas County, predating Fordyce&#39;s founding. It stands on the south side of US 79B in the west side of the city, and looks today like a single-story central-hall gable-roof structure with a rear shed addition, and a shed-roof porch extending across the front. The core of the house is a log structure, which is now the west side of the building. In the 1880s the eastern pen was added, creating a dog trot structure, which was then filled in and enclosed by later additions. The house is also notable for being the home of the aunt of author Harold Bell Wright, who is said to have written some of his works there.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Little Boars Head Historic District encompasses an area of summer resort and beachfront properties in North Hampton, New Hampshire. Located on New Hampshires seacoast roughly between North Hampton State Beach and Bass Beach, the district is almost entirely residential, consisting mainly of houses built as summer vacation spots in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with associated beachfront amenities. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Little Boars Head is a glacial drumlin (low steep hill) on New Hampshires coast overlooking the Gulf of Maine. The historic district extends along Ocean Boulevard (New Hampshire Route 1A), which runs along the beach, and includes properties on Sea Avenue, Atlantic Avenue, Willow Avenue, and Chapel Road. Its southern end is a cluster of bathhouses just south of North Hampton State Beach, northward to the southern end of Bass Beach. There are a few older houses, and the district includes the bathhouses along the beach as well as a series of fish houses located just north of the state beach.</p><br>
<p>Until the mid-19th century, the Little Boars Head area was a sleepy fishing and agricultural community. In 1845 New Hampshire Senator James Bell purchased coastal land from a local farmer, and in 1862 built Bells Cottage for his daughter as a summer house; now much enlarged, it stands at 4 Atlantic Avenue, and is the first of the summer properties to be built. Ex-President Franklin Pierce bought land in the 1860s, which was minimally developed before his death. In 1868 Bachelders Hotel opened, and became a mainstay of the summer scene until its destruction by fire in 1929. Summer house development continued into the early 20th century, and the areas high-profile visitors included Presidents Chester A. Arthur, William Howard Taft, and Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Massachusetts Governor Alvan T. Fuller had a significant estate here, its house now demolished, in which he created Fuller Gardens, now a public garden managed by a nonprofit.</p><br>
<p>The Elijah Locke House is a historic house at 5 Grove Road in Rye, New Hampshire. Traditionally ascribed a construction date of 1739, it is one of the oldest surviving buildings in New Hampshire&#39;s Seacoast region. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Elijah Locke House stands in a rural residential setting in central southern Rye, at the junction of Grove and Central Roads. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a side gable roof, central chimney, and clapboarded exterior. It has a typical Georgian facade, five bays wide with a central entrance, and a rear single-story addition (also an 18th-century structure). The entrance is a projecting gabled section, with the door framed by pilasters and a gabled pediment. The interior has been sensitively modernized, retaining some original features. Outbuildings on the property include a barn and carriage house, both of which appear to date to the second quarter of the 19th century. Two other outbuildings of 19th century origin have been demolished.</p><br>
<p>Captain John Locke was one of the earliest settlers of New Hampshire, arriving in 1644. This house was built either by his son William in 1729, or his grandson Elijah in 1739; the latter date is found incised on one of the original roof beams. John Locke was killed by Native Americans in 1696; William was a shopkeeper in Portsmouth. The house has spent many years in (and out of) ownership by Locke&#39;s descendants.</p><br>
<p>The Richman Margeson Estate is a historic summer estate in Newington, New Hampshire. It is now located in the Great Bay National Wildlife Refuge and is not open to the public. The main house, built in 1894, is a rare example of a Colonial Revival estate house in the state, and is the only summer estate house of its scale to survive in Newington. The estate was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Margeson Estate is located in a rural setting in the southwestern part of Great Bay National Wildlife Refuge, atop the rise known as Hoyt Hill, overlooking the bay and Woodman Point. The surviving estate buildings include the main house and a caretakers cottage; it also originally included a barn, carriage barn and gazebo. The main house is a two-story wood frame structure, with a hip roof and clapboarded exterior. The building corners are pilastered, and the roof faces are pierced by hip-roof dormers. The roof is truncated, with a balustraded "widows walk" at the center. A porte-cochere extends from one side. The caretaker&#39;s cottage stands nearby, and is a smaller structure dating from the 1920s. Both buildings presently stand vacant, and were reported in 2014 to suffer from mold and other damage.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1894 by Richman Stanley Margeson, owner of the Portsmouth Furniture Company, on what had previously been farmland. The property was purchased in 1906 by the Hawkwing family, and taken by eminent domain in 1952 by the federal government. It was for many years part of Pease Air Force Base, which used it as a social club and quarters for visiting officers. The property was kept relatively unaltered by the Air Force, and was transferred to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service c. 1992. The estate house and a caretakers house are the estates only surviving structures; the main house was reported in 2012 to be in relatively poor condition, with mold and other moisture-related issues.</p><br>
<p>The Sacred Rock of Ganish & Nagar is carved rock as well as a cultural heritage site in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. The carvings on the rock dates back to the 1st Millennium AD. The rock is on a top of a hill which lies in east to the Hunza River. The site is very near to the old historic Valley Ganish & Sumayyar Valley of Nagar. The Dong-Dass is disputed between Ganish Valley, Sumayyar valley and Nagar-Khass and these scared rocks fall in the disputed area. The rock is divided into two parts, once there used to be some Buddhist shelter caves which fell over time. The rock is one of the major tourist attractions in Gilgit-Baltistan.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Haldeikish</p><br>
<p>The sacred rock is located in place called Haldeikish near to the small town of Karimabad in Hunza Valley. The site is on top of a Hill which is at the left bank of the river Hunza. The rock is 30 feet high and 200 yards long. It is easily accessible from the Karakoram Highway which connects Pakistan with China. It is an isolated rock which is further divided into two portions.</p><br>
<h2>Specifications</h2><br>
<p>The Sacred Rock is divided into two portions, an upper portion and a lower one. Both the portions carry carvings on them which are basically inscriptions and images from Pre-Historic era. There used to be many Buddhist shelter caves in ancient times which later collapsed or fell over the time.</p><br>
<h3>Upper Portion</h3><br>
<p>The upper portion of the rock consist of inscriptions which are carved in Sogdian, Kharosthi, Brahmi, Sarada and Proto Sarada languages. The names of the Emperors of the Kushana Empire appear in these inscriptions as well as the names of other Emperors from the Empires of Kanishka and Huvishka. The name of the Trukha King Ramadusa is also mentioned in inscriptions which are carved in Brahmi language.</p><br>
<h3>Lower Portion</h3><br>
<p>The lower portion is engraved by the images of Ibexes. These ibexes are shown in different situations, including being hunted. The carvings also contain Horned-Human deities playing with the ibexes. The carvings of the Ibexes are a proof of the ibex being an animal which holds cultural importance to Buddhists as well as to the region in ancient times. One of the carvings also shows the image of an ancient Chinese King. Some carvings show a Tibetan styled Stupa.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>The Sacred Rock of Ganishe & Nagar is a Cultural Heritage Site of Pakistan and is currently well preserved but still some the carvings carrying inscriptions are effected due to aging. There were many Buddhist shelter caves which fell over time and no more exist. Commissioner of Northern Areas of Pakistan and Director of Archaeology are responsible for the preservation of the site, both acting under the Government of Pakistan. Due to recent flooding in Hunza River the site faces extreme danger in future.</p><br>
